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Maleic acid

CAS Number
110-16-7
EC Number
203-742-5
Chemical Formula
C4H4O4
Molecular Weight
116.07 g/mol

Description

Maleic acid (CAS 110-16-7 ), also known commercially as Toxilic acid, is an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid used across food, pharmaceutical, and personal care manufacturing. It functions primarily as an acidulant, pH buffer, and flavoring agent in finished formulations. In food and beverage production, maleic acid adjusts tartness and acidity profiles in beverages, confectionery, and fruit-flavored products where a sharp, clean acid note is required. This versatile chemical ensures consistent flavor profiles across various batches. Pharmaceutical formulators use it to form maleate salts with active ingredients, improving stability and solubility of oral dosage forms. This process is critical for enhancing the bioavailability of certain medications in the healthcare sector. In personal care, it is incorporated into hair treatment products, particularly bond-repair and straightening systems, where it helps restore and cross-link damaged hair structure. It is a key component in modern professional hair care lines. It also functions as a pH regulator in topical formulations, ensuring product stability and compatibility with skin-contact applications. Maintaining the correct pH is essential for the shelf life and safety of cosmetic emulsions. Maleic acid is supplied as a white crystalline powder or granule. Standard commercial grades include food-grade ( FCC ) and pharmaceutical-grade ( USP / BP ) specifications, with technical grade available for industrial applications. Packaging typically ranges from 25 kg bags to bulk quantities depending on grade and application requirements. Our logistics team ensures that all shipments meet the necessary safety and quality standards for global distribution. Contact us for supply of Maleic acid Request Quote

Other Names (Synonyms)

cis-butenedioic acid | Toxilic acid | (2Z)-but-2-enedioic acid | Maleinic acid | Malenic acid | (Z)-Butenedioic acid | cis-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid | 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-

Key Technical Features

  • High Purity Grade standard
  • Consistent Batch Quality
  • Full Regulatory & REACH Support
  • Global Logistics Network enabled

Physical Properties

Melting Point131 °C
Boiling Point138 °C
Density1.590 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C
Flash Point127 °C
AppearanceMaleic acid is a white crystalline solid. Faint, acid like odor.
ColorWhite
OdorFaint odor
FormPowder/Solid
Water Solubility790 g/L (25 ºC)
Vapor Pressure0.001Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index1.5260 (estimate)
pH1.3 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Log P-1.3 at 20℃

Safety & Handling

Warning
GHS07· IrritantGHS05· CorrosiveGHS08· Health Hazard

Hazard Statements

H302Harmful if swallowed
H312Harmful in contact with skin
H315Causes skin irritation
H317May cause an allergic skin reaction
H318Causes serious eye damage
H319Causes serious eye irritation
H335May cause respiratory irritation
H370Causes damage to organs
H402Harmful to aquatic life

Precautionary Statements

P260Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P264Wash … thoroughly after handling.
P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.
P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.
P272Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.
P273Avoid release to the environment.
P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
P317Get emergency medical help.
P319Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.
P321Specific treatment (see … on this label).
P330Rinse mouth.
P405Store locked up.
P501Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local regulations.
P265Wash … thoroughly after handling.
P317Get emergency medical help.
P352IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water.
P340IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.
P316Get emergency medical help immediately.
P317Get emergency medical help.
P317Get emergency medical help.
P317If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. Get emergency medical help.
P364Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.
P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

Trade & Regulatory

HS Code29171900
Storage Class8A - Combustible corrosive hazardous materials
WGK (Germany)1